Jean-François Millet
Jean Jean-François Millet - Francois Millet (1814-1875), in most people's favorite painting history of modern French painter. His simple kind of artistic language, especially loved by the masses of the French farmers. He was born of a peasant family, when he was young and show the genius of painting, encouraged by the teacher and the resolve to study painting.
People experience editing
Jean-François Millet (Jean Francois Millet, 1814.10.4-1875.1.20), is a modern French painting history most beloved artists.
Let - francois miller was born in Normandy in the province of a peasant family, youth in a field. Under the age of 23 to Paris from the Della, rosh, studio classmates are looked down upon, miller said he was "rustic shan-li person". The teacher also don't like miller, often scolded him: "you seem to know all, but all don't know." The country to the young people are sick in Paris, says the city is mixed and disorderly barren desert, only the Louvre is the art of "oasis". When he walked into the hall of the Louvre pleasantly surprised to say: "I think I unconsciously came to a kingdom of art, all that is here to make my fantasy into reality."
Miller poverty in Paris, the blow of his deceased wife and the poor is to breathe on him. In order to survive, he used the sketch to change shoes, go to sleep in the bed with canvas, had to midwife signs to change some money, in order to cater to the bourgeois sensory stimulation, miller also painted vulgar low-level naked women. Miller once hear people talk about him and said, "this is the picture mean naked, nothing else of miller." This gives him a bad heart. From then on, he decided to no longer cater to anyone, resolutely his art road.
Starting by selling to draw hard mouth, fall pen rococo style of erotic paintings, this time, no doubt to miller's art career lay a full of sad, bitter and solid knowledge of the art language. Until the painter Fontainebleau bobby matsumura stranger, with realistic rural landscapes, open French Barbizon sent (Barbizon School, draw out of the trees in the countryside, fields, and workers and gentle, simple, make the world was moved by artist works in the countryside is elegant, by painters god ink performance.
Popular kala-azar in Paris in 1849, miller family moved to the suburbs of Paris Fontainebleau near bobby matsumura, miller was 35 years old. In bobby matsumura miller met koro, Rousseau, Luo Rong painter, such as the rural poor occlusion, a miller lived is for 27 years.
Miller of nature and rural life is a special kind of deep feelings, he got up early late, working in the fields in the morning, afternoon in the small room not chase light painting. Miller's life is poor, but that doesn't weaken his love for art and the pursuit, he often because don't have the money to buy the paint can make charcoal sketch. Miller, love life, love of labor, farmers, he once said: "no matter how farmers this theme is the most suitable for me."
In the first representative work of barbizon miller is the sower. Have created after the ear collector and "production" and so on.
Major works
"The sower" (1850); 101 * 82.5 CM; Collect the Boston gallery.
Desolate in the wheat field, sowers striding handwaving, sow the seeds of hope. Birds hovering in the air, looking for food, robbing sowed the seeds of the relation between man and nature - it is a picture of the grandeur of the picture.
This painting to "higher citizen", their movements on the sower is full of sense of art and a powerful saw similar revolution in June in Paris when the image of the people. But the progressives have different reflection. Writer Hugo to see from the picture's praise of the people's creative power, thus fully affirmation. Literary critics getty leaf said that the image is drawn with the seed in the soil of land, all too real. Painter USES the image of a sculptural simple and concise, generally express intriguing content, so the Dutch painter Vincent van gogh review said: "in miller's work, the image at the same time, their symbolic meaning in reality."
Miller never painted peasants against the scene, this may be because of his good nature because of religious sentiment is contained in the humanitarian spirit. But he painted the hardworking, coarse food workers clothing ugly image, in fact the material, the neon of high society is a struggle, although the struggle is milder. This is "the sower" that is so.
"The shepherd girl" (1864); The canvas of paint; Orsay museum in Paris.
"Shepherdess and flock"
In this painting, the artist captured the shepherd life scenes of a very lyrical, sky, grassland, sheep, praying girl) : high horizon, flat and so vast, shepherdess is covered with old felt shawls, around the red scarf, lonely and sheep company... The head wrapped in dark red embroidered cap, body covered with a thick felt shepherdess, his back to the sheep and the rosy clouds, opposing weave the hands on the sweater, the figure of her tiny bow and focus, like a prayer of piety.
Role is a blend of the ear and the production strength: bowed their heads and pray and thank god given her shepherdess jobs, and other paintings also embodies the farmers pure heart and religious feelings. Shepherdess stood in the sunset afterglow, although because the backlight, face and the body than the surrounding scenery, sheep some dark, however, miller smooth quiet color, because the life pressure and had to be with one's back bent slightly shepherdess body, painted to look like a statue stands on the earth, it's very difficult for people to see a few eye; Although her ragged, facial expression is also very tired, but in the eyes of miller, she and other farmers are "labor day by day, to raise the great nation, to create the beautiful country" hero, there is a kind of ordinary poetic.
Some people say that the devout shepherdess was miller, or his spirit embodiment, throughout the lifetime of the author himself to the earth, and the natural piety. Sad sad shepherdess, in the afterglow of the sunset, standing in the wilderness, seems to be silently praying. Due to their experience, miller feel poor laborer bitterness and pain, so he with pity and compassion mind created this painting.
"Farmers painter miller grew up watching the farmers" strives for the survival in the almost inhuman strict labor, therefore, when he looks at the nature, also not ignored in nature and the earth as a human. Compared with the Dutch genre painting, in the painting without any dramatic events, only the dusk a flock of sheep and low first prayer shepherdess. At first glance seem arbitrary composition method, through the deep twilight real punctuate the quiet atmosphere of the picture. This idyllic scenery outside let miller get consistent high praise, in the official exhibition perhaps because of captured images of "real," miller's work beyond the age also touched us deeply. Miller in 1864 to the <; The shepherdess >; To participate in the French Paris salon art, get high praise. Regardless of color, the picture or the shepherdess image processing more meticulous, unity and harmony. Lyrical melancholy, to strengthen the whole painting touching sense of reality to strengthen the whole picture of agrestic breath.
The ear collector
The ear collector time: 1857; Oil painting; Orsay museum in Paris.
"Pick up ear"
This painting depicts a rural one of the most common scenario: autumn, golden fields look far, land from the field, there are three women are bend with a very carefully pick up lost grain, to supplement the food in the home. Behind them that are piled like hills up-hill, they seem to and irrelevant. Although we can't see the three women's appearance and facial expressions, but miller described their body appearance solemn beauty of classical sculpture.
Three women movement, a slightly different Angle, and the beauty of serial, seems to be a farmer pick motion diagram. Plunge into red scarf farmer is quick to pick up the other hand holding a bag of wheat that a bunch of, could see that she has picked up for a while, small bag have a harvest; Mr Blue turban women has been repeated on a bend to action is very tired, she looked tired, pulling his left hand after the waist, to support the body's power; Picture to the right of women, the side face half bent, hands holding a bundle of wheat, is carefully inspect the wheat has been picked up again, to see whether there is a leak to pick up the grain.
Screen, miller used a charming warm yellow, red, blue two scarf that composed of rich colour also melt in the yellow, the whole frame is quiet and serious, MuGeShi to convey the deep sympathy for the hard life of farmers, and miller special love of country life.
The whole work of technique is very concise and simple, clear sky and the golden wheat appear very harmonious, unified in a soft tone, rich color to show in front of us was a charming rural scenery. It like a miller's other representative works, although the picture content easy to understand, clear and simple, but is by no means a little again, take in everything in a glance, but the implication is profound, thought-provoking, and that's what miller of the important characteristics of art.
"The evening prayer"/" production"
The evening prayer/production (L 'Angelus) time: 1859; Cloth painting; The Louvre museum in Paris.
Is to make - francois miller, one of the most famous works describe a peasant couple church bells rang in the distance, let hand work, devout prayer. After miller died, the painting changed hands several times, finally a French person bought it for 800000 francs, and donated to the French government. The evening prayer is collect in the orsay museum in Paris.
From 1858 to 1859, the miller's masterpiece "the bells". One is called "production", the other one is the evening prayer, often causes confusion. The two names, a virtual, a real, no matter which name, are not able to generalize the content of the painting, but since we established, then two call! The painting profoundly reflects a complex farmers spiritual life: picture, the setting sun, a hard day's work over the field. A peasant couple just heard the distant church bell ringing, then naturally, used to bow to pick a hat in prayer. Artist focuses on depicting two image on the fate of piety. On the earth full of evening mist, stood the creator of the two products, they thanked god for blessing them labor the grace of a day and pray for. This grace is the farmer on the car beside the two small bags of potatoes! This grace was their day labor remuneration? Image in painting is so isolated, they reflect the farmers that roll with the punches, happy-go-lucky personality. Crude production tools, left a digging potatoes iron shoots, two people and a broken basket of things, in addition to this, only them that ragged coat unlined upper garment. Sunset on the earth is covered a layer of bleak atmosphere, painters devoted all efforts to depict the bleak atmosphere here, let it over the image of this kind of poor labor couple. He mainly depicts the farming couple of piety and plain, for his infinite compassion for their living conditions.
Tonal go up, the heavy farmer hat young woman crossing their prayers, the browns solemn warm tone, the horizon and the characters of just two side against the cross, available winkelmann used to comment on the ancient Greek sculpture of a sentence, "the noble pure, serene is great." Such feelings then we can only in van. High eat potatoes, and greatly small depiction about peasant shoes by induction, farmers with them is a great painter, feeling poetic in daily work and simple life.
"Rotary hoe man"
"Lean on hoe people"
The rotary hoe man time: 1863; Oil painting; San Francisco private collection.
Miller, 1862's the man lean on hoe, strongly shows the weight of life pain and sufferings. In a barren land, a young farmers are rotary hoe pant. Straight waist hard from morning till night, the man accidentally stop and catch my breath. My Lord taketh away from the young people in the field of heat on hoe, stayed up for breath, to look up. Seem to live and work heavy component has spent his energy, and at present there are large crop tillage, waiting for the distant city is hazy figure, it is not belong to his another life. This is certainly a challenge to the society's work, he depicts a solemn laborers image, the painter here sound uttered a piercing scream.
Miller rotary hoe man is beautiful. Although, in the picture on the weeds, the stones on the barren land, he hold the hoe, panting, was tired. But the beauty is not in the face of the shape and color can show ", he raised his head, the eyes ahead in the distance, revealing the inner bitterness and hardship of fate, performance, looking forward to a happy life and yearning.
"Feeding"
The feeding time: 1872; The Louvre museum in Paris.
"Feeding" on this, in turn, the size of sitting on the threshold of the three children, appear very naive, waiting for mother to take turns to feed them one scoop a spoonful of rice. Stone house at the end of the wall, and is the most the right side of the screen, you can see the father of the child labor in the field, that's a breadwinner master. I liked this who lived in the countryside for a period of time, can personally experienced. So the miller's oil painting in China's vast audience will have more resonance. The size of the picture is not big, only 74 cm high, this miller was bobby matsumura reminiscent of those small canvas. Due to the limitation of economic condition, his paintings are unable to buy enough material, often local materials in the countryside, and sometimes had to draw the sketch.
Figure painting
Popular kala-azar in Paris in 1849, his family moved to the suburbs of Paris Fontainebleau near bobby matsumura, when he was 35 years old. He met in bobby matsumura corot, Rousseau, Luo Rong painter, such as the rural poor occlusion, he lived a is for 27 years. Miller of nature and rural life is a special kind of deep feelings, he got up early late, working in the fields in the morning, afternoon in the small room not chase light painting, his life is poor, but this does not affect his love for art and the pursuit, he often because don't have the money to buy the paint can make charcoal sketch. His love life, love of labor, farmers, he once said: "no matter how farmers this theme is the most suitable for me." So to Rousseau, he, Jules, Ms. Dupray, corot and miller as main members,'s reputation in European art history "barbizon school" is formed. After 27 years, is the most abundant in the miller's life period. Many French people household's famous work "the sower" (1850), "the shepherd girl" (1852), the ear collector (1857), "production" (1859), "rotary hoe man" (1863), "feeding" (1872), "spring" (1873), etc., are done here. He never imaginary picture, each picture is from cultivation, grazing, labor and life, the French farmers in real life.
Jean-François Millet is a modern French painting history the most people's favorite painter. He then simple kind of artistic language, especially loved by the masses of the French farmers. He was born of a peasant family, when he was young he displays of painting talent, encouraged by the teacher to study painting.
Due to the hard life, miller had to draw some imitation PuShan and Buddha of aragon peppering body painting style, in HuaDian sale. However, as the son of a farmer, he constantly want to use their own brush paint French farmers image of honest and industrious. In 1848, he painted a picture of the woman is winnowing millet, sold 500 francs. He with his friends, animal painter shire. Consult Jacques, use the money to live in than loose ". At that time, the painter Rousseau and he is already there, miller yearns for their life. So, miller, j. the important step in his life.
"A fine morning in July 1849, he took his wife and five children, with Charles Jacques, sitting on a heavy Japanese interpretation of the car, to 90 km from Paris Fontainebleau, then carrying simple bags and walked bobby matsumura. The farmer's son finally returned to the countryside, looked at the trees and fields there, he was delighted to shout:" ah, god, here are beautiful! "And he began to breathe the fragrance of land, and heard the noise of the forest, his childhood present in front of everything again."
In addition, there is a saying "barbizon school" and miller's relationship:
"The rise of French realist painting, is a pioneer barbizon school. In this painting, most can practically the contradiction with the relationship between farmers and nature, farmers should be first realism painter miller. Miller's style, according to the point of a strict distinction, should not draw into the barbizon school. But miller lived in bobby matsumura for 27 years, longer than anyone else. There, he go to field work in the morning, afternoon drawing, long has not changed, so he understand the barbizon profound, apt than anyone."
Romain rolland in the biography of the miller and said: "the miller, the perfusion of perpetual significance will complete spirit is better than the moments of the classical masters, has never been a painter, as he will belong to the creation of the earth to give such stalwart and great feeling and expression."
Character evaluation editor
Let - francois miller is the most outstanding performance to farmers in the 19th century French realist painter famous for a subject, French barbizon painter. In rural genre of moving human in France is famous for its painting. Miller is of the greatest painters of rural France. We used to call him for miller, actual according to the French pronunciation should be translated as "m". Miller's work mainly depicts the farmers' labor and life, with fresh eyes to observe the nature, has a strong flavor of rural life.
Romain rolland in the biography of the miller and said: "the miller, the perfusion of perpetual significance will complete spirit is better than the moments of the classical masters, has never been a painter, as he will belong to the creation of the earth give sturdiness and great feeling and performance".
